Industrial Revolution
Essay by Woxman • July 19, 2011 • Essay • 724 Words (3 Pages) • 1,719 Views
Industrialization Unit 6 Lecture 1
Industrialism: Britain's Leadership:
* Began in 1700's GB with advance in textile production
* New inventions- more goods at cheaper prices
Why Britain?:
* Agricultural Revolution
* Surplus of labor
* Central bank
* Investors
* Mineral resources
* No internal tariffs
* Roads, canals, and river transportation
* Stable Government
* Supply of markets
* Merchant marine
* Money Britain Gained from textiles, iron making, china, and other goods, reinvested throughout the world
* Position in the global economy pronounced, laid foundation for Europe
* Continental Europe-by 1830s Belgium, France, and Germany were using the steam engine(East Europe still rural)
Population Growth:
* Began with the Agricultural Revolution in the 18th century
* Industrialization meant more people living in cities
* Cities were not prepared
* Inadequate housing, water, sewage, food supplies, and lighting
o Result: Slums emerged that spread disease-cholera; some turned to crime
Railroads:
* 1830's and 1840's-great age of railway construction
* Made travel easy and affordable, go much faster and farther
* Goods, raw materials move too. Shipping people and products
* Visually- the railroads were the epitome of industrialization
* Represented the importance of capital industries, rather than consumer ones
The Labor Force-Who Are These Workers?
* New social Class!!
* various groups of people: men, women, and children
* Textile industry was the first industry to fully mechanize
* Factory workers had no security as they left their homes and entered the workforce
Proletarianization:
* You MUST understand this to understand Marx
* As workers enter wage economy, they lose control over the means of production(tools and equipment)and of their trade
* Factory owners provide starter money, machinery, and raw materials, all the worker gives is the labor
* For their labor, they are paid, at the end of the day they have money, and with that, they must provide(purchase, not make) everything they need.
Chartism:
* Late 1830's artisan politically organize to protect interests
* Called for universal male suffrage
* Annual elections of house of commons
Industrial Revolution and the Family Structure:
* Early factory system- family worked an economic unit
* Old systemfamily= ec. Unit(home life and ec. Life were the same)
* As men entered factories, they often allowed to keep families as assistants
o Women factories work was more unskilled than the work they had been doing in their homes
1820's Shift in Labor:
* New machines require fewer skilled workers and more unskilled attendants
* Women good candidates for work, not as likely to organize into unions
* Men's wages were at times high enough to send their kids to school, kids left in factories belong to poorer families
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