What Is Traditional Bullying?
Essay by Lau Kalam • September 23, 2016 • Essay • 1,365 Words (6 Pages) • 1,675 Views
What is traditional bullying???
According to Olweus.....
➢Aggressive behavour ➢Carried out by a group or individual repeatedly. ➢Energence of victim(people who get hurt)
Type of bullying
● According to Sharp and Smith (1994)
→ Physical bullying (e.g fighting ,being physically overbearing, sexual harassment) → Verbal bullying (e.g off color jokes, calling people with offensive names) → Indirect bullying (e.g exclusion of a person from the life of a group)
After the globalisation, the technology improvement led to.....
Cyber-bullying
●The type of bullying exist in social network or Internet:
→ Can be anonymous (Not face-to-face)
→ Unlimited potential audience
→ Can happen anytime (24 hours per day)
What is the difference?
● No physical attack in Cyber-bullying
● The number of audience
● The way of bullying (Direct? / Indirect?)
The background of how cyber-bullying happens
● Where :Social Network (e.g Facebook, Forum, Online game)
● When :Anytime (24 hours per day)
● Who :The users of social network (especially on teenagers)
The possible reasons for cyber-bullying ● Look cool, feel powerful → It seems to have the power to control other's action or emotion.
● Bandwagon effect(從眾效應) → people follow their friends to bully others.
● Seek attention and gain more popularity → people may be neglected or lack of care in reality. Therefore, they want to be successful and gain attention on social network.
● No reason! → In the social network,people bully others unconsciously.
The possible reasons for cyber-bullying
Question (1)
Question (1)
Who are the bullies and victim?
What is the way for bullies to bully victim?
General Strain Theory
→ Criminology theory developed by Robert Agnew. → Argues that individuals who experience strain, and as a result of that strain feel angry or frustrated.
Bullies
Depressed → Either haven't accomplished something in their life or do not have goals. Jealous → Begin to feel this way when they see other students (who become victims to their ways) become successful or excel at certain aspects of their life. Happy → Have a sense of power gained from hurting someone that they do not like.
Transactional model of stress and coping → Created by Lazarus & Folkman
→ A framework for evaluating the processes of coping with stressful events.
→ Stressful experiences are construed as person-environment transactions, and these transactions depend on the impact of the external stressor.
Approach-avoidance model
→ Created by Roth & Cohen → The approach-avoidance model describes particular strategies which can be categorized either as approach or avoidance.
Victims
Depressed → Due to the feeling of being bullied by the bully, begin to lose self-confidence. Along with them questioning their self-worth in an social aspect.
Victims Afraid and embarrassed → Afraid to stand up for themselves and embarrassed as their reputation is being tarnished by the bullying.
→ The worldwide platform (Internet) further spreads the rumor to other people.
Victims
Helpless → No one is there to support them during this period or do not seek help from anyone.
→ When this happens, the victim falls further into the next and last situation.
Victims
Suicidal → This is the last and most dangerous step for the victim, they see this as their only way out of this situation. → Although we may think this is an extreme measure, some cases can relate to this.
Potential results of cyber bullying ● Teenagers are often reluctant to talk about it when it happen. ● Some warning signs: ➢ Dropping grades ➢ Avoid going to school or social activities ➢ Lower self-esteem ➢ Stress-related health issues
Reaction ( victims )
Positive: ● Blocking communication with the cyberbully ● Deleting messages without reading them ● Talking to a friend about the bullying Negative: ● Seeking revenge on the bully ● Avoiding friends and activities ● Cyberbullying back
A defense mechanism is a coping technique that reduces anxiety arising from unacceptable or potentially harmful impulses.
Apply in (Self-defense Mechanism)
Apply in (Self-defense Mechanism) (Regression) ● one of our respondents perceived avoidance as a lack of possibilities to protect the victims ● “It’s horrible because I know I can’t do anything, just ignore him and delete.'
(sublimation) ● transformed into socially acceptable actions, possibly resulting in a long-term conversion of the initial impulse. ● For example, the female respondents who did or, after experiencing cyberbullying, started doing sports competitively.
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